Test Tube Baby: What It Is, How It Works, and Who Should Consider It

What is a Test Tube Baby?

‘Test tube baby’ is a term colloquially used to describe a child conceived through IVF. During the initial stages of IVF, the embryo is developed outside the body in a laboratory setting. It often happens in a petri dish or a glass container that resembles test tubes. Hence, IVF conception is often referred to as a test tube baby. The main difference between test tube babies and natural conception is the location of fertilisation. In natural conception, the sperm & egg meet and fertilise inside the body of the woman. IVF involves fertilisation outside of the body. The formed embryo is then carefully transferred into the uterus.

How Does the Test Tube Baby Process Work?

The ‘test tube baby’ process, also known as In Vitro Fertilisation, involves fertilising the eggs outside the body. This procedure gives couples struggling with infertility an alternative way to conceive. Here's a more detailed breakdown of the process:

Step 1: Ovarian stimulation

In this step, hormonal injections are used to stimulate the ovaries. The goal is to produce multiple eggs, which are monitored through regular checkups and ultrasound.

Step 2: Egg retrieval

Once the eggs mature, they are retrieved using a highly precise ultrasound-guided procedure.

Step 3: Fertilisation in the lab (in vitro)

The egg and the sperm are combined in a lab dish for fertilisation.

Step 4: Embryo transfer to the uterus

The best-quality embryos are then carefully transferred to the uterus using a catheter.

Step 5: Pregnancy test after 2 weeks

A pregnancy test is usually done after 2 weeks to check for successful implantation.

Success Rate of Test Tube Baby Procedure

The average success rate of the test tube baby procedure in Nepal is quite high. However, the success of IVF depends on factors like a woman's age, overall health, and the specific clinic's expertise. While some women succeed on their first attempt, others might need multiple cycles.

Risks and Side Effects of the Test Tube Baby Process

While IVF is generally considered a safe procedure, there are certain risks and side effects associated with the test tube baby process:

• Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) : Fertility drugs are used to stimulate the ovaries, which can cause OHSS. It can lead to the ovaries becoming swollen and painful. The symptoms may include bloating, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
• Multiple Pregnancies : IVF carries a chance of twins or multiple pregnancies. Multiple pregnancies can lead to a higher risk of premature birth, low birth rate, low birth weight, and complications for both the mother and the baby.
• Ectopic Pregnancy : The fertilised embryo can implant outside the uterus. This is a life-threatening condition requiring medical attention.
• Financial Burden : IVF is a costly process and can put a financial burden on the couple.

Emotional and Financial Aspects

The test tube baby process can be both emotionally and financially challenging. Emotionally, the couples may experience a rollercoaster of feelings, including anxiety, stress, etc. This is due to the uncertainty of the process and potential setbacks. The cost of IVF is also very substantial, which can strain the couple.

Emotional Impact

• Anxiety and Stress : The anticipation, hope, and uncertainty can lead to heightened anxiety and stress levels.
• Emotional Rollercoaster : Couples may experience various emotions throughout the IVF journey.
• Relationship Strain : The pressure and emotional intensity can sometimes strain the relationship in couples.
• Feeling Isolated or Misunderstood : Feelings of isolation and misunderstanding are common among individuals undergoing IVF.
• Coping with Failed Attempts : If IVF attempts are unsuccessful, then the couple may experience disappointment and sadness.

Financial Impact

• High Costs : The IVF cost per cycle is very high in some clinics. A single cycle can cost you thousands or lakhs of Nepalese Rupees (NPR).
• Financial Strain : The associated costs of IVF, like medications, procedures, and additional tests, can burden couples.
• Potential for Multiple Cycles : If the initial attempt does not work out, then the couple has to undergo additional cycles. It further increases the financial burden.

Strategies for Coping

• Seeking Support : Couples should seek support from their friends, family, or support groups.
• Professional Help : If needed, seek professional counselling or therapy for support.
• Communication : Open and honest communication can help couples navigate the challenges of IVF.
• Financial Planning : Developing a realistic budget and exploring affordable options are necessary to manage the financial aspects of IVF.

Conclusion

The test tube baby process helps couples overcome common obstacles to natural conception, like blocked fallopian tubes, ovulation issues, or low sperm count. Medical advice is crucial before the test tube baby process for informed decision-making and to prepare for the process. A comprehensive evaluation will help you understand potential risks, complications, and treatment details.